Bufo shandongensis Roczek, Dong, Prikryl, Sun, Tan et Wang, 2011

Bufonidae

Large toad species; skull short and broadly rounded; parasphenoid cultriform process width less than half its length, lateral wings perpendicular to long axis; anterior margin of sacral diapophysis perpendicular to body axis, posterior margin slightly inclined, thus diapophysis slightly expanded; sacrum-urostyle joint bicondylar; tibiofibula shorter than femur.

Represents the oldest preserved skeleton of a bufonid in the Northern Hemisphere. Reappeared in Eurasia after a large temporal gap between the Paleocene and early Miocene (Rage, 2003; Rage et Roczek, 2003). The holotype (SDM) JMSP H11-038 was originally designated as paratype of Bufo linquensis by Yang (1977).

Holotype of Bufo shandongensis [(SDM) JMSP H11-038] (from Roczek et al., 2011). A. Holotype specimen in upper, middle, and lower parts; B. Upper part of holotype, head (ventral view), arrow indicates anterior end of frontoparietal; C. Middle part of holotype, vertebral column and pelvic girdle bone impressions (ventral view); D. Enlarged view of lower part showing vertebral column and pelvic girdle; E, F. Enlarged vertebral column sections showing 8 presacral vertebrae; G. Hindlimb bones of holotype